fdisk 命令
认识磁盘
命令 lsblk
, 输出如下:
[root@localhost wangxiao]# lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sda 8:0 0 20G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot └─sda2 8:2 0 19G 0 part ├─centos-root 253:0 0 17G 0 lvm / └─centos-swap 253:1 0 2G 0 lvm [SWAP] sdb 8:16 0 40G 0 disk └─sdb1 8:17 0 40G 0 part /home/lfs/future sr0 11:0 1 4.5G 0 rom
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sda 表示第一块硬盘
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sdb 表示第二块硬盘,依次类推,cdefg…
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sr0 第一个SCSI CD-ROM
除了常见的外,还有驱动之类的,/dev/fd0 etc,均不常用,知晓sda/sdb/sdc是属于磁盘即可。
fdisk 命令
[root@localhost bin]# fdisk -h Usage: fdisk [options] <disk> change partition table fdisk [options] -l <disk> list partition table(s) fdisk -s <partition> give partition size(s) in blocks Options: -b <size> sector size (512, 1024, 2048 or 4096) -c[=<mode>] compatible mode: 'dos' or 'nondos' (default) -h print this help text -u[=<unit>] display units: 'cylinders' or 'sectors' (default) -v print program version -C <number> specify the number of cylinders -H <number> specify the number of heads -S <number> specify the number of sectors per track
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指 /dev/sda、/dev/sda1、/dev/sdb 等等具体磁盘
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[option] 参数不常用
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-l/-s 也不常用
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fdisk [options] 用于操作某个具体的 disk
fdisk [options] 具体使用
这里以 /dev/sda 为例
[root@localhost bin]# fdisk -l /dev/sda Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk label type: dos Disk identifier: 0x0009e004 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux /dev/sda2 2099200 41943039 19921920 8e Linux LVM [root@localhost bin]# fdisk /dev/sda Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2). Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. Be careful before using the write command. Command (m for help): m Command action a toggle a bootable flag b edit bsd disklabel c toggle the dos compatibility flag d delete a partition g create a new empty GPT partition table G create an IRIX (SGI) partition table l list known partition types m print this menu n add a new partition o create a new empty DOS partition table p print the partition table q quit without saving changes s create a new empty Sun disklabel t change a partition's system id u change display/entry units v verify the partition table w write table to disk and exit x extra functionality (experts only)
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输入m,查看所有的操作指令
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常用 n(创建一个新的分区)d(删除一个分区)
按照提示,输入指定含义字母,最后输入 w进行保存生效。
案例:加入一块磁盘 /dev/sdb
进入分配: fdisk /dev/sdb
新建分区 n
选择分区类型:
p:主分区,e:扩展分区,空格默认主分区 p
选择起始范围:磁盘有多个扇区组成,输入数字也即起始分区点
选择截至范围:磁盘有多个扇区组成,输入数字也即结束分区点
写入,并完成分区,在/dev目录下就会多出一个 /dev/sdb1 w
格式化/dev/sdb1
mkfs[tab][tab] 可以显示支持的文件系统类型
mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdb1
挂载到某个目录
mount /dev/sdb1 /opt
取消挂载 umount /deb/sdb1